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ข้อมูลการเผยแพร่ผลงาน
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| ชื่อบทความ |
Chinese Clay Building in Ubon Ratchathani Province |
| วัน/เดือน/ปี ที่ได้ตอบรับ |
25 กันยายน 2562 |
| วารสาร |
| ชื่อวารสาร |
Journai of Engineering and Applied Sciences |
| มาตรฐานของวารสาร |
SCOPUS |
| หน่วยงานเจ้าของวารสาร |
medwell journals |
| ISBN/ISSN |
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| ปีที่ |
2019 |
| ฉบับที่ |
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| เดือน |
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| ปี พ.ศ. ที่พิมพ์ |
2562 |
| หน้า |
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| บทคัดย่อ |
This article is part of the research titled "Chinese Building and the Cultural Assimilation to the Artistic Creation." The objective of this research is to study the style, the structure, and the materials used in the Chinese clay buildings in the Muang district, Ubonratchathani province. This research is a qualitative research, conducted using the following tools: field surveys, observations, and interviews on the people involved with the buildings, including the owners, the tenants, and the experts on the old Chinese buildings n the research area. The interviews include both structured and non-structured interviews. The acquired data were analyzed through the Semiotics theories, Structural-Functional theory, and Cultural Assimilation theory.
The result of the research shows that the Chinese who migrated into Thailand, especially in the Muang district, Ubonratchathani province, first came to live along with the local people. Most of them were hired labor working in the gardens and catching fish from the Mun River. When these people were able to save up some money, they would look for a suitable place that they can settle in; such as building their own shops. These shops were mostly built along the bank of the Mun river such as in the Guangdong port, Chuan port, and Talad port. These were important ports for the transportation of merchandise and people; as well as connecting the other side of the river, which is Warin Chamrap district. This area is currently on Promthep road, which later on expanded to Promthani and Kuanthani road (the first road in Ubonratchathani). Trading areas like this one mostly consists of Chinese style buildings. The buildings are mostly one-story and two-story Chinese architecture style buildings. The structure of the buildings is a long-span structure. The importance is the ability to bear the weight of large and heavy structures. As for the poles or Dou Gong, all the parts were built fro support and connected using wooden spurs. No iron nails were very prosperous and well-known, selling expensive merchandises. There were also prostitute house for men at the back, Talangkaeng market, and Chinese Samma market also sells Chinese sweets. During the Thonburi period after the second loss of the Ayutthaya kingdom in 1767, people escaped in different directions to the border cities. The Chinese merchants made their way to the south and settled in around Klong San or Chinese residence. This area was only a port where ships docked, as well as where the merchants spent their nights (Bunnag et al.,2006). Later on, this area became an important trading area where merchants from different ethnicities came to live, not only the Chinese. However, there is no trace of that today except Kian Un Keng Shrine. (Jaiboon, Sakpakdee, Rueng-poom, Phanomwan Na Ayuddhaya, 2001).
During the beginning period of Rattanakosin period, under the reign of King Rama I, he expanded the community to the southeast area and called the area Talad Noi, or Sampeng, in 1782. Until the time of King Rama V, roads were built and the new city plan was put in and is still widely known today. In 1891, he built another road for the Chinese named Yaowarat road. There are still some important Chinese architectural buildings from the time of King Rama I in the Sampeng and Samphanthawong area; for instance, the So Heng Tai Mansion, a Chinese merchant. The house is still in good condition. The buildings were built in a Hokkien style, two-story building with a courtyard in the middle. The building was decorated in beautiful Chinese arts. The whole building was built from teak wood. Another building that was still in good condition is บ้าน ทั่ง ง่วน ฮะ. This house is not far from another house and was also built in Hokkien style architecture. The buildings were built using bricks The buildings were built using bricks and plastered with cement. The architecture was all Chinese. The roofs were buildings were curved in the edge and clay tiles were put on top.
When the railroad to Isaan was built in 1900, it brought about huge changes in the social, economy, and political aspect (Theerasasawat, 2008). People rely on trains to travel to different places as well as transporting goods from the border cities in Isaan into Bangkok. Some agricultural products such as cattle, buffalos, and pigs, which used to be transported in herds and took several months before reaching the destination, were transported faster and with more convenience. This is also the starting point for the Chinese merchants and the railway to Isaan.
Chinese merchants from far across the sea traveled by trains. When they saw the convenience for this kind of transportation, they decided to settle in and built buildings as their stores. These stores, later on, became big and important trading area, especially those near the train station. This is due to the convenience of transporting goods. In 1933, Ban Phai and Khon Kaen Railway Junction were established which ended in the northern Isaan area in Nongkhai in the year 1906. Another line ended in Ubonratchathani in the year 1930. These railways played an important role in the development of many provincial cities which were turned into trading areas by the railway track. Chinese merchants would normally find an area where there are lots of people passing through or places that used to be local gathering points, to settle in and build their stores. The buildings and the stores were built with simple architectural style; one or two-story, wooden structure, or half wood half cement. The structure is not very big. The beams were long and beams were put in to support the roofs. The roofs were big to protect the products from the sun, the wind, and the rain. The first floor is used to display all the merchandises. The second floor, apart from tourist sites to help generate income, and the thing that helps build the connection with their tenants. This had led to the creation of plan, strategies, and policies in many dimensions. Especially in the preservation of these Chinese raw clay buildings, which can help maintain the identity of the local people for a long time (Chuapram, 2003).
There are currently many plans, policies, and strategies in the development and the improvement of these ancient sites. The objective of these plans is to create awareness and the understanding between the state and the private sectors, as well as the communities, to participate in the management of the sites. Apart from benefiting from the income from the tourist sites and learning space, these buildings can also preserve the historical roots and the pride of the people. Today, many of these Chinese raw soil buildings had come to life. However, to create concrete examples, there needs to be more research being conducted, as well as more analysis from different angles to avoid any mistake which can cause problems and can lead to the conflicts amongst the community and destroy the values in these old Chinese buildings.
Due to the background and the importance of the issue, the researcher developed an interest in conducting a study on “Chinese Clay Building” in Ubonratchathani province. The objective of the research is to study the background of the Chinese clay buildings in Muang district, Ubonratchathani province to learn about the styles, the structure, and the materials used in the Chinese clay buildings in Muang district, Ubonratchathani province. The research was conducted within the scope of the content and the research area using the Cultural Assimilation theory, the Semiotics theories, and Structural-Functional theory to analyze the data from gathered from the research which will end with the presentation of the result.
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| คำสำคัญ |
Building , Raw Soil , Chinese People , Ubon Ratchathani Province |
| ผู้เขียน |
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| การประเมินบทความ |
มีผู้ประเมินอิสระ |
| สถานภาพการเผยแพร่ |
ได้รับการตอบรับให้ตีพิมพ์ |
| วารสารมีการเผยแพร่ในระดับ |
นานาชาติ |
| citation |
มี |
| เป็นส่วนหนึ่งของวิทยานิพนธ์ |
เป็น |
| แนบไฟล์ |
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| Citation |
0
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