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Anacardium occidantale: A potential medicinal plant for male sexual dysfunction
Thawatchai Prabsattroo1,3, Jintanaporn Wattanathorn2,3, Sitthichai Iamsa-ard3,4, Kovit Chaisiwamongkol3,4, Supaporn Muchimapura2,3, Panee Sirisa-ard5, Surapol Nawathakarnkijkul5,Sunee Chadrasakow5, Chatchai Wattanapiromsakul 6
1Department of Physiology and Graduate School (Neuroscience Program), 2Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 3 Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research and Development group, 4Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University,Thailand 40002, 5Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Thailand 50220, 6Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand 90112
E-mail: jintanapornw@yahoo.com, Phone: +66-43-348394, Fax: +66-43-348394
Introduction: Anacardium occidentale L., a plant in a family of Anacardiaceae, is reported to exhibit aphrodisiac activity. Unfortunately, no scientific supported data were available. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of A.occidentale leaves extract on factors playing crucial roles on male sexual dysfunction including phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE 5) and monoamine oxidase type B (MAOB) activities. Moreover, the in vivo effect of the extract on male sexual behaviors was also determined.
Materials and methods: The alcoholic extract of A.occidentale leaves was determined the total phenolic compounds using Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The activities of PDE-5 and MAOB were determined using microplate reader. Then the extract at doses of 25, 100 and 200 mg/kg BW were orally given to the male sexual dysfunction rats induced by immobilization stress at a period of 14 days. All rats were determined the frequency and latency time of mounting,intromission and ejaculation behaviors after single dose and every 7 days throughout the experimental period.
Results and discussion: The extract used in this study contained total phenolic compounds at concentration of 494.03±.01 mg of GAE/100g. It also suppressed the activities of PDE-5 and MAOB. Moreover, rats subjected to the extract treatment at dose of 100 mg/kg BW significantly decreased latencies of mounting, intromission and ejaculation but increased mounting and intromission frequencies. These data suggested that the extract might suppress the activity of PDE-5 resulting in the peripheral vasodialtion which in turn enhanced penile tumnescence and intropmission. In addition, it also suppressed MAOB and gave rise to the increased dopaminergic function and finally gave rise to the enhanced both aphrodisiac and sexual behaviors observed in this study.
Conclusion: A.occidentale is the potential candidate for sexual dysfunction. However, further researches are required to understand the possible mechanism and active ingredient.
Key words: Anacardium occidentale, sexual dysfunction, aphrodisiac
Acknowledgement: This study was supported by the National Research Council of Thailand and Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research and Development Group, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.
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