| Abstract |
The alternative fuel is become important to replace the use of petroleum fuel. Hydro-cracking is a chemical hydro-catalytic reaction and widely used in the petroleum refinery to upgrade heavy hydrocarbon into lighter hydrocarbon. Application of vegetable oils as a feedstock for biofuel production via hydro-cracking could be a promising way for the production of renewable hydrocarbons. In this work, the effect of catalysts, temperature and different vegetable oils on synthetic biofuel via high pressure pack bed reactor is investigated. Firstly, H2 was fed with palm oil and two different catalysts (Pd/Al2O3 and Pt/Al2O3). The effect of different temperatures (500°C and 530°C) was investigated and the pressure was applied at 5 MPa in both temperatures. The results revealed that, the Pd/Al2O3 produced the highest biofuel production after distillation approximately 90% at 500°C. After that, palm oil and soybean oil were used to compare in the efficiency for kerosene fuel production. The reaction was operated at 450°C, 5 MPa under H2 pressure on the present of 0.5%Pd/Al2O3. The distillation yield of palm oil and soybean oil showed the highest yield at about 74% and 70%, and was classified as kerosene yield at 27% for both feed stocks. Furthermore, the kerosene product properties were characterised and the viscosities were obtained at 1.84 cSt and 1.75 cSt when palm oil and soybean oil were used, and provided 43.06 MJ/kg and 42.15 MJ/kg of heating combustion value, respectively. Moreover, the range of carbon distribution of synthetic kerosene produced from palm oil was showed between C9-C14 like a petro-kerosene. |
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Journal Publication
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