| Abstract |
For the first time fully bio-derived thermosets have been synthesized from abundantly available, low cost, renewable feedstocks through a simple, solvent-free and catalytic process for the fabrication of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) for sustainable power generation. The thermoset films synthesized from epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and bio-derived crosslinkers (succinic anhydride, suberic acid and sebacic acid) were coated onto copper conductive electrode and PTFE (Teflon) was used as a counter or contact triboelectric material. Importantly, these bio-based thermoset materials demonstrated several properties with significant promise for application as TENG, including excellent thermal stability, water repellency and surface hydrophobicity. The materials are thermally stable up to 250 °C and water uptake less than 1 % after 24-hour immersion with contact angles between 117.5°-131.3°. The curing of the films was confirmed by FT-IR and the curing process was revealed using DSC, indicating slightly higher crosslinking in dicarboxylic acids cured resins. As a result the mechanical properties of diacid cured films were moderately higher than those of succinic anhydride cured resin. However the anhydride cured films exhibited higher peak to peak output voltage and current of TENG of 78 V and 8 μA, respectively, with the maximum power density of ≈1.4 W/m2 at a load resistance of 400 kΩ at the optimum molar ratio of crosslinker:ESO of 1.5:1. The better output performance of succinic anhydride films compared to those of diacid crosslinkers was attributed to the higher concentration of C=O functionalities which was demonstrated by FT-IR results. These promising values are amongst the most significant reported for bio-based TENGs, hence thermoset films from ESO present a promising novel alternative for the production of greener TENGs. |
Publication
Journal Publication
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