| Abstract |
The objective of this research was to supplement the cyanide-utilizing bacteria and sulfur in the HCN-rich diet, affecting the gas production, fermentation of rumen in vitro, lowering the HCN content, and the digestion of nutrients. A 2×2×3 factorial experiment in a completely randomized design was applied during the test. In the experiments, three factors were used. Factor A was the level of CUB at 0 and 108 CFU/mL. Factor B was the level of sulfur in the diet at 0% and 3% of dry matter (DM). Factor C was the three levels of potassium cyanide (KCN) at 0, 300, and 600 ppm. The interaction of CUB × sulfur × KCN had affected gas production from the immediately soluble fraction (a) (p < 0.05). However, the greatest ruminal cyanide concentration was found when CUB (with and without), sulfur (3%), and KCN (600 ppm) were introduced at 0 hr. (p < 0.05). It revealed that the addition of CUB and sulfur had a significant impact on gas accumulation at 96 hours (p<0.05). The addition of CUB with sulfur had an effect on pH at 2 hours and ruminal cyanide levels at 6 hours (p < 0.05). At 2 hours, sulfur supplementation with KCN had an effect on NH3-N (p < 0.01). The addition of sulfur (3%) and KCN (300 ppm) produced the highest ammonia nitrogen. How-ever, the combination of sulfur (3%) and KCN (600ppm) produced the lowest ammonia nitrogen (p < 0.01). CUB supplementation increased in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) by 11.16% compared to the without-CUB supplemented group (p < 0.05). Supplementation with 3% sulfur increased in vitro neutral detergent fiber (IVNDFD) by 16.87% but had no effect on IVDMD or in vitro acid detergent fiber (IVADFD) (p < 0.05). The volatile fatty acid (VFA) such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate were not different when CUB, sulfur, and KCN were added. Doses above 600 ppm have the lowest concentrations of TVFA and propionate (p < 0.01). Based on the results of this investigation, supplementing with CUB and sulfur (3%) may improve cumulative gas, digesti-bility, and TVAF. Supplementing with CUB, on the other hand, reduced HCN the most, by 54.6%. |
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