|
|
Publication
|
| Title of Article |
Lead and Cadmium Contents in Eye Shadows from Khon Kaen Province and Vientiane Capital |
| Date of Acceptance |
2 August 2019 |
| Journal |
| Title of Journal |
Isan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IJPS |
| Standard |
TCI |
| Institute of Journal |
คณะเภสัชศาตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยขอนแก่น, มหาวิทยาลัยมหาสารคาม, มหาวิทยาลัยอุบลราชธานี |
| ISBN/ISSN |
1905-0857 |
| Volume |
15 |
| Issue |
4 |
| Month |
October-December |
| Year of Publication |
2019 |
| Page |
87-95 |
| Abstract |
Introduction: The purpose of this study was determination of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) contents in 90 eye shadow samples which were collected from flea markets in Khon Kaen province, Thailand (45 samples) and Vientiane capital, Lao PDR (45 samples). These samples were categorized into three ranges of price (1-40, 41-80 and >80 Thai Baht). Materials and methods: Sample preparation for metal analysis was done by a wet digestion method. The sample was digested with 50 % v/v nitric acid in the PTFE vessel placed in a heat block apparatus for 2-3 h. The digestion was followed by cooling at room temperature and transferred the supernatant into 25 mL graduate volumetric flask. The supernatant was separated by using centrifuge apparatus at 6,000 rpm for 3 minutes. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was measured the absorption values at 283.31 and 228.80 nm for determination of Pb and Cd, respectively. Results: The calibration curves of Pb and Cd standard were linear in the rages of 0.25 –3.0 µg mL-1 and 0.05 – 3.0 µg mL-1, respectively. Within these concentration ranges, linear regressions of the absorbances (y) and concentrations (x) of Pb and Cd expressed the equations y = 0.0159x - 0.0006 (r2 = 0.9996, n=7) and y = 0.2937x + 0.0172 (r2 = 0.9962, n = 7), respectively. It was found that the average concentration level of Pb in each price group (1-40, 41-80 and >80 Thai Baht) were 3.35, 1.41, 0.92 and 4.92, 2.30, 1.06 µg g-1 in eye shadow samples from Khon Kaen province and Vientiane capital, respectively. The average concentration level of Cd in each price group (1-40, 41-80 and >80 Thai Baht) were shown to be 0.14, 0.11, 0.10 and 0.19, 0.14, 0.13 µg g-1 in eye shadow samples from Khon Kaen province and Vientiane capital, respectively. Conclusion: The studies were found that almost of eye shadow samples were contaminated with Pb (93.3 %) and Cd (88.8 %). These were found that only two eye shadow samples from Khon Kaen province, Thailand and Vientiane capital, Lao PDR, gave concentration level of Pb (29.96 and 40.05 µg g-1) higher than the permissible limits from the Announcement 2559 (2016) of the Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. The statistical analysis using One-Way ANOVA, the result did not show significant difference among ranges of price and amount of Pb or Cd in eye shadow samples. |
| Keyword |
Eye shadows, Lead, Cadmium, Atomic absorption spectrophotometry |
| Author |
|
| Reviewing Status |
มีผู้ประเมินอิสระ |
| Status |
ตีพิมพ์แล้ว |
| Level of Publication |
ชาติ |
| citation |
false |
| Part of thesis |
true |
| Attach file |
|
| Citation |
0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Journal Publication
ไทย